This dataset contains the results of the Digital Twin for a biomass-to-SNG pilot plant created within the ADORe-SNG project (https://projekte.ffg.at/projekt/3862075). Context and methodology A Digital Twin was created for a biomass-to-SNG pilot plant at TU Wien. The plant was automated and optimised using model predictive control (MPC), online process simulation and a soft sensor. The data presented here is the output of these software tools that controlled the plant and were presented to the operators in real time. The plant data stems from an excerpt of 9.5 hours from an experimental campaign in November 2023 The dataset accompanies a publication wherein further details regarding methods can be found. Technical details The data consist of four files: Two CSV files with the outputs of the MPC Data_MPC_DFB.csv with a sampling rate of 5 seconds Data_MPC_Syngas.csv with a sampling rate of 1 second One CSV file with the results of the soft sensor Data_SoftSensor.csv with a sampling rate of 1 second retimed to 1 minute One JSON file with the inputs and outputs of the online process simulation in the software IPSEpro Data_IPSE.json with a sampling rate of 1 minute The variable names in the files are explained below Further details For further details see the publication “Design and Implementation of a Digital Twin for a Biomass-to-Gas plant” by Stefan Jankovic, Lukas Stanger, Alexander Bartik, Martin Hammerschmid, Florian Benedikt, Michael Mittermayr, Matthias Binder, Martin Kozek and Stefan Müller --------------------------------------------------- Variable names Abbreviations PG... Product gas FG... Flue gas GR... Gasification reactor CR... Combustion reactor LHV... Lower heating value Data_MPC_DFB.csv Time: Time in hours Plt1_PGVolFlow_Measurement: PG normal volume flow measured over an orifice plate in Nm3/h Plt1_PGVolFlow_Estimate: Estimation of PG normal volume flow using a Kalman filter in Nm3/h Plt1_PGVolFlow_Reference: Reference value for PG normal volume flow input by operators in Nm3/h Plt3_GasTemp_Measurement: Measured PG temperature in °C Plt3_GasTemp_Estimate: Estimation of PG temperature using a Kalman filter in °C Plt3_GasTemp_Reference: Reference value for PG temperature input by operators in °C Data_MPC_Syngas.csv Time: Time in hours Plt2_RawSNGVolFlow_Measurement: RawSNG volume flow measured over a gas meter in m3/h Plt2_RawSNGVolFlow_Reference: Reference value for RawSNG volume flow input by operators in m3/h Plt4_MethTemperature_Measurement: Measured RawSNG temperature in °C Plt4_MethTemperature_Reference: Reference value for RawSNG temperature input by operators in °C Plt5_PG_XXX: Measured dry PG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4 Plt6_RawSNG_XXX: Measured dry RawSNG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4 Data_SoftSensor.csv Time: Time in hours y_XXX_pg_wf_filter: Softsensor prediction for dry PG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, O2, N2 y_H2O_pg_wet_filter: Softsensor prediction for PG water content in vol% y_XXX_fg_wf_filter: Softsensor prediction for dry FG composition in vol%; XXX stands for O2, CO2, N2 y_H2O_fg_wet_filter: Softsensor prediction for FG water content in vol% Data_IPSE.json Time: Time in hours Success: Boolean describing whether simulation successfully converged for the last minute or not Source: Contains variables input into the simulation Results: Contains variables output from simulation Adjustments: variables without "_status": necessary adjustment of measured value to achieve consolidated result in % variables with "_status": Boolean describing whether consolidated value lies within 95% confidence based on standard deviation Variable names: Unit Prefixes: c_o_bm_001 / u_info_o_bm_001 / u_cmp_o_bal_001: biomass input into GR c_o_fuel_riser_01 / u_info_o_fuel_riser_001 / u_cmp_o_bal_fuel_riser_001: additional heating oil input into CR c_g_EQ370_004: Steam input for entire plant before superheating u_info_g_fldgsf_001: Steam input for entire plant after superheating c_g_EQ380_001 / c_g_EQ380_002: Steam fluidisation of internal loop seal c_g_EQ390_001 / c_g_EQ390_001a: Main steam input c_g_EQ410_001 / c_g_EQ410_001a: Steam fluidisation of upper loop seal c_g_EQ420_001 / c_g_EQ420_001a: Steam fluidisation of lower loop seal u_info_g_air_wet_dfb_001: Entire air input into CR c_g_EQ460_001 / c_g_EQ460_002: Primary air into CR c_g_EQ470_001 / c_g_EQ470_002: Secondary air into CR c_g_EQ480_001 / c_g_EQ480_002: Tertiary air into CR c_g_EQ480_001b: Additional combustion air for heating oil c_g_nitrogen_001 / u_info_g_nitrogen_001: Nitrogen for purging of fuel bunkers and measurement devices c_s_fb_01 / u_info_s_fb_04: Bed material exiting GR c_s_fb_04b: Bed material entering CR c_s_fb_05b / u_info_s_fb_08: Bed material exiting CR c_s_fb_08a: Bed material entering GR c_g_fg_01: FG after CR c_g_fg_02: FG after first particle separator c_g_fg_03 / u_info_g_fg_001 / u_cmp_g_fg_bal_01: FG after second particle separator c_g_fg_04: FG after cooling u_cmp_g_fg_dry_01: FG composition (volume based) c_g_pg_001: PG after GR c_g_pg_010a: PG after first particle separator c_g_pg_015 / u_info_g_pg_015 / u_cmp_g_pg_bal_015: PG after second particle separator c_g_pg_026: PG after cooling u_cmp_g_pg_measure / u_cmp_g_pg_dry_015: PG composition (volume based) u_cmp_g_pg_mass_015a: PG composition (mass based) u_calc_nvolflow_pg: PG orifice plate u_calc_nvolflow_fg: FG orifice plate u_calc_circ_bed: Simulation unit for the calculation of bed material circulation u_varpar_gasif_t: Internal temperatures of GR for chemical equilibrium calculation u_chemeq_pg_g_XXX: chemical equilibrium within the GR at three different temperature measurements u_gravsep_gasif: Gravity separator GR u_cyclone_gasif: Cyclone GR u_gravsep_cch: Gravity separator CR u_cyclone_cch: Cyclone CR u_gasif_dfb_aer_001: GR u_cch_dfb: CR u_kpi_live_dfb: KPIs for gasification process c_g_pg_clean_003 / u_info_g_pg_clean_003: PG after RME scrubber and membrane compressor c_st_g_syngas_003 / c_st_g_syngas_005: Syngas entering methanation reactor c_g_H2_001 / u_info_g_H2_001: H2 addition to syngas c_st_g_air_coil_001 / c_st_g_air_jacket_001: Cooling air for methanation reactor c_st_g_rawsng_a_internal / c_st_g_rawsng_d_internal: Gases inside methanation reactor c_st_g_rawsng_001 / u_cmp_g_dry_rawsng_001 / u_info_g_rawsng_001: RawSNG exiting methanation reactor u_chemeq_g_rawsng_001: chemical equilibrium within the methanation reactor u_sng_methanation_validation_001: Methanation reactor u_kpi_live_chain: KPIs for entire chain Item Suffixes: p: Pressure in bar t: Temperature in °C massflow: Massflow in kg/h Mass_total: Total massflow including dust, tar and char nvolflow: Volume flow at standard conditions in Nm3/h opvolflow: Volume flow at operating conditions in m3/h volflow: Volume flow in l/h XX_wf: Content of component in dry gas in vol% XX_wf_GC: Content of component in dry gas measured by gas chromatography in vol% XX_wf_OL: Content of component in dry gas measured by online gas analysis in vol% water_content: Water content in gas in vol% Energy: Total Energy (heat, pressure, chemical) transported by stream (calculated with LHV) in kW Exergy: Total Exergy transported by the stream in kW dust_content: Dust content of the stream char_content: Char content of the stream tar_content: Tar content of the stream massflow_dust: Massflow dust only in kg/h massflow_char: Massflow char only in kg/h massflow_tar: Massflow tar only in kg/h massflow_gas: Massflow gas (without dust, char and tar) in kg/h massflow_org: Massflow organic only (without water and ash) in kg/h massflow_wat: Massflow water only in kg/h massflow_ash: Massflow ash only in kg/h massflow_inorg: Massflow inorganic (without char and gas) P_chem_gas: Chemical power gas (without char and tar) based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW P_chem_char: Chemical power char content based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW P_chem_tar: Chemical power tar content based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW P_chem_total: Chemical power whole stream based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW Q_298_total: Sensible heat (=enthalpy) of whole stream (sensible heat = 0 at 25 °C (298.15 K)) in kW Q_298_and_P: Sum of sensible heat and chemical power (based on lower heating value) of the whole stream (including char and gas). Sensible heat and lower heating value are 0 at 25 °C (298.15 K)! dp_meas: Pressure difference measured over orifice in mbar mC: Massflow of carbon in kg/h pd_eq_WGS: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the water gas shift equation. pd_eq_CO_meth: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the CO methanation equation. pd_eq_CO2_meth: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the CO2 methanation equation. Q_loss: Heat loss dt_bed_drain: Temperature difference between producer gas and bedmaterial drain in °C ratio_steam_fuel: Real steam to fuel ratio. This value relates the total mass of H2O entering the gasifier to the mass of the dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg steam / kg fuel water_conv: Water conversion rate in the gasifier related to the mass of dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg H2O / kg dry fuel cycling_rate: Cycling rate (massflow) of the bed material in relation to the massflow of dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg bed material / kg dry fuel ungsfd_C: Ungasified carbon in total char related to carbon in fuel in % P_therm: Thermal power of the fuel entering the reactor based on lower heating value in kW Q_loss: Heat loss of the reactor in kW q_loss_rel: Relative heat loss of the reactor in % of thermal fuel power Heat_gasif: Heat required for gasification of the fuel in kW lambda: Air ratio of the combustion chamber based on the amount of oxygen in air stream needed for stoichiometric combustion of all substances entering the combustion chamber (e.g. also combustibles entering with the air stream) qloss_gr: Heat loss in GR in kW qloss_cr: Heat loss in CR in kW h2o_conv: Steam based water conversion in the GR in % ocge_chain: Overall cold gas efficiency over the entire process chain in % cge_chain: Cold gas efficiency over the entire process chain in % cc_chain: Carbon conversion over the entire process chain in % pgy: Product gas yield in the GR in Nm3/kg fuel ocge_dfb: Overall cold gas efficiency over the DFB process in % cge_dfb: Cold gas efficiency over the DFB process in % cc_dfb: Carbon conversion over the DFB process in % cc_ch4y: Methane yield in Nm3/kg fuel ocge_meth: Overall cold gas efficiency over the methanation process in % cge_meth: Cold gas efficiency over the methanation process in % cc_meth: Carbon conversion over the methanation process in % Q_htx: Heat transferred over heat exchangers in kW H_react: Enthalpy stream being generated by chemical reactions in kW X_XXX_o: Conversion of species in reactor in % Y_CH4: Methane yield in reactor in %