This dataset contains the results of the Digital Twin for a biomass-to-SNG pilot plant created within the ADORe-SNG project (https://projekte.ffg.at/projekt/3862075).

Context and methodology
A Digital Twin was created for a biomass-to-SNG pilot plant at TU Wien.
The plant was automated and optimised using model predictive control (MPC), online process simulation and a soft sensor.
The data presented here is the output of these software tools that controlled the plant and were presented to the operators in real time.
The plant data stems from an excerpt of 9.5 hours from an experimental campaign in November 2023
The dataset accompanies a publication wherein further details regarding methods can be found.

Technical details
The data consist of four files:
	Two CSV files with the outputs of the MPC
		Data_MPC_DFB.csv with a sampling rate of 5 seconds
		Data_MPC_Syngas.csv with a sampling rate of 1 second
	One CSV file with the results of the soft sensor
		Data_SoftSensor.csv with a sampling rate of 1 second retimed to 1 minute
	One JSON file with the inputs and outputs of the online process simulation in the software IPSEpro
		Data_IPSE.json with a sampling rate of 1 minute
The variable names in the files are explained below

Further details
For further details see the publication “Design and Implementation of a Digital Twin for a Biomass-to-Gas plant” by Stefan Jankovic, Lukas Stanger, Alexander Bartik, Martin Hammerschmid, Florian Benedikt, Michael Mittermayr, Matthias Binder, Martin Kozek and Stefan Müller

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Variable names

Abbreviations
	PG... Product gas
	FG... Flue gas
	GR... Gasification reactor
	CR... Combustion reactor
	LHV... Lower heating value

Data_MPC_DFB.csv
	Time: Time in hours
	Plt1_PGVolFlow_Measurement: PG normal volume flow measured over an orifice plate in Nm3/h
	Plt1_PGVolFlow_Estimate: Estimation of PG normal volume flow using a Kalman filter in Nm3/h
	Plt1_PGVolFlow_Reference: Reference value for PG normal volume flow input by operators in Nm3/h
	Plt3_GasTemp_Measurement: Measured PG temperature in °C
	Plt3_GasTemp_Estimate: Estimation of PG temperature using a Kalman filter in °C
	Plt3_GasTemp_Reference: Reference value for PG temperature input by operators in °C

Data_MPC_Syngas.csv
	Time: Time in hours
	Plt2_RawSNGVolFlow_Measurement: RawSNG volume flow measured over a gas meter in m3/h
	Plt2_RawSNGVolFlow_Reference: Reference value for RawSNG volume flow input by operators in m3/h
	Plt4_MethTemperature_Measurement: Measured RawSNG temperature in °C
	Plt4_MethTemperature_Reference: Reference value for RawSNG temperature input by operators in °C
	Plt5_PG_XXX: Measured dry PG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4
	Plt6_RawSNG_XXX: Measured dry RawSNG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4

Data_SoftSensor.csv
	Time: Time in hours
	y_XXX_pg_wf_filter: Softsensor prediction for dry PG composition in vol%; XXX stands for H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, O2, N2
	y_H2O_pg_wet_filter: Softsensor prediction for PG water content in vol%
	y_XXX_fg_wf_filter: Softsensor prediction for dry FG composition in vol%; XXX stands for O2, CO2, N2
	y_H2O_fg_wet_filter: Softsensor prediction for FG water content in vol%

Data_IPSE.json
	Time: Time in hours
	Success: Boolean describing whether simulation successfully converged for the last minute or not
	Source: Contains variables input into the simulation
	Results: Contains variables output from simulation
	Adjustments:
		variables without "_status": necessary adjustment of measured value to achieve consolidated result in %
		variables with "_status": Boolean describing whether consolidated value lies within 95% confidence based on standard deviation
	Variable names:
		Unit Prefixes:
			c_o_bm_001 / u_info_o_bm_001 / u_cmp_o_bal_001: biomass input into GR
			c_o_fuel_riser_01 / u_info_o_fuel_riser_001 / u_cmp_o_bal_fuel_riser_001: additional heating oil input into CR
			c_g_EQ370_004: Steam input for entire plant before superheating
			u_info_g_fldgsf_001: Steam input for entire plant after superheating
			c_g_EQ380_001 / c_g_EQ380_002: Steam fluidisation of internal loop seal
			c_g_EQ390_001 / c_g_EQ390_001a: Main steam input
			c_g_EQ410_001 / c_g_EQ410_001a: Steam fluidisation of upper loop seal
			c_g_EQ420_001 / c_g_EQ420_001a: Steam fluidisation of lower loop seal
			u_info_g_air_wet_dfb_001: Entire air input into CR
			c_g_EQ460_001 / c_g_EQ460_002: Primary air into CR
			c_g_EQ470_001 / c_g_EQ470_002: Secondary air into CR
			c_g_EQ480_001 / c_g_EQ480_002: Tertiary air into CR
			c_g_EQ480_001b: Additional combustion air for heating oil
			c_g_nitrogen_001 / u_info_g_nitrogen_001: Nitrogen for purging of fuel bunkers and measurement devices
			c_s_fb_01 / u_info_s_fb_04: Bed material exiting GR
			c_s_fb_04b: Bed material entering CR
			c_s_fb_05b / u_info_s_fb_08: Bed material exiting CR
			c_s_fb_08a: Bed material entering GR
			c_g_fg_01: FG after CR
			c_g_fg_02: FG after first particle separator
			c_g_fg_03 / u_info_g_fg_001 / u_cmp_g_fg_bal_01: FG after second particle separator
			c_g_fg_04: FG after cooling
			u_cmp_g_fg_dry_01: FG composition (volume based)
			c_g_pg_001: PG after GR
			c_g_pg_010a: PG after first particle separator
			c_g_pg_015 / u_info_g_pg_015 / u_cmp_g_pg_bal_015: PG after second particle separator
			c_g_pg_026: PG after cooling
			u_cmp_g_pg_measure / u_cmp_g_pg_dry_015: PG composition (volume based)
			u_cmp_g_pg_mass_015a: PG composition (mass based)
			u_calc_nvolflow_pg: PG orifice plate
			u_calc_nvolflow_fg: FG orifice plate
			u_calc_circ_bed: Simulation unit for the calculation of bed material circulation
			u_varpar_gasif_t: Internal temperatures of GR for chemical equilibrium calculation
			u_chemeq_pg_g_XXX: chemical equilibrium within the GR at three different temperature measurements
			u_gravsep_gasif: Gravity separator GR
			u_cyclone_gasif: Cyclone GR
			u_gravsep_cch: Gravity separator CR
			u_cyclone_cch: Cyclone CR
			u_gasif_dfb_aer_001: GR
			u_cch_dfb: CR
			u_kpi_live_dfb: KPIs for gasification process
			c_g_pg_clean_003 / u_info_g_pg_clean_003: PG after RME scrubber and membrane compressor
			c_st_g_syngas_003 / c_st_g_syngas_005: Syngas entering methanation reactor
			c_g_H2_001 / u_info_g_H2_001: H2 addition to syngas
			c_st_g_air_coil_001 / c_st_g_air_jacket_001: Cooling air for methanation reactor
			c_st_g_rawsng_a_internal / c_st_g_rawsng_d_internal: Gases inside methanation reactor
			c_st_g_rawsng_001 / u_cmp_g_dry_rawsng_001 / u_info_g_rawsng_001: RawSNG exiting methanation reactor
			u_chemeq_g_rawsng_001: chemical equilibrium within the methanation reactor
			u_sng_methanation_validation_001: Methanation reactor
			u_kpi_live_chain: KPIs for entire chain
		Item Suffixes:
			p: Pressure in bar
			t: Temperature in °C
			massflow: Massflow in kg/h
			Mass_total: Total massflow including dust, tar and char
			nvolflow: Volume flow at standard conditions in Nm3/h
			opvolflow: Volume flow at operating conditions in m3/h
			volflow: Volume flow in l/h
			XX_wf: Content of component in dry gas in vol%
			XX_wf_GC: Content of component in dry gas measured by gas chromatography in vol%
			XX_wf_OL: Content of component in dry gas measured by online gas analysis in vol%
			water_content: Water content in gas in vol%
			Energy: Total Energy (heat, pressure, chemical) transported by stream (calculated with LHV) in kW
			Exergy: Total Exergy transported by the stream in kW
			dust_content: Dust content of the stream
			char_content: Char content of the stream
			tar_content: Tar content of the stream
			massflow_dust: Massflow dust only in kg/h
			massflow_char: Massflow char only in kg/h
			massflow_tar:  Massflow tar only in kg/h
			massflow_gas:  Massflow gas (without dust, char and tar) in kg/h
			massflow_org: Massflow organic only (without water and ash) in kg/h
			massflow_wat: Massflow water only in kg/h
			massflow_ash: Massflow ash only in kg/h
			massflow_inorg: Massflow inorganic (without char and gas)
			P_chem_gas:  Chemical power gas (without char and tar) based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW
			P_chem_char:  Chemical power char content  based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW
			P_chem_tar:  Chemical power tar content based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW
			P_chem_total:  Chemical power whole stream  based to the lower heating value (LHV evaluating temperature: 25 °C) in kW
			Q_298_total:  Sensible heat (=enthalpy) of whole stream (sensible heat = 0 at 25 °C (298.15 K)) in kW
			Q_298_and_P: Sum of sensible heat and chemical power (based on lower heating value) of the whole stream (including char and gas). Sensible heat and lower heating value are 0 at 25 °C (298.15 K)!
			dp_meas: Pressure difference measured over orifice in mbar
			mC: Massflow of carbon in kg/h
			pd_eq_WGS: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the water gas shift equation.
			pd_eq_CO_meth: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the CO methanation equation.
			pd_eq_CO2_meth: Logarithmic difference between actual distribution of species (CO, CO2, H2, and H2O) and distribution according to the CO2 methanation equation.
			Q_loss: Heat loss
			dt_bed_drain: Temperature difference between producer gas and bedmaterial drain in °C
			ratio_steam_fuel: Real steam to fuel ratio. This value relates the total mass of H2O entering the gasifier to the mass of the dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg steam / kg fuel
			water_conv: Water conversion rate in the gasifier related to the mass of dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg H2O / kg dry fuel
			cycling_rate: Cycling rate (massflow) of the bed material in relation to the massflow of dry fuel (organic + ash) in kg bed material / kg dry fuel
			ungsfd_C: Ungasified carbon in total char related to carbon in fuel in %
			P_therm: Thermal power of the fuel entering the reactor based on lower heating value in kW
			Q_loss: Heat loss of the reactor in kW
			q_loss_rel: Relative heat loss of the reactor in % of thermal fuel power
			Heat_gasif: Heat required for gasification of the fuel in kW
			lambda: Air ratio of the combustion chamber based on the amount of oxygen in air stream needed for stoichiometric combustion of all substances entering the combustion chamber (e.g. also combustibles entering with the air stream)
			qloss_gr: Heat loss in GR in kW
			qloss_cr: Heat loss in CR in kW
			h2o_conv: Steam based water conversion in the GR in %
			ocge_chain: Overall cold gas efficiency over the entire process chain in %
			cge_chain: Cold gas efficiency over the entire process chain in %
			cc_chain: Carbon conversion over the entire process chain in %
			pgy: Product gas yield in the GR in Nm3/kg fuel
			ocge_dfb: Overall cold gas efficiency over the DFB process in %
			cge_dfb: Cold gas efficiency over the DFB process in %
			cc_dfb: Carbon conversion over the DFB process in %
			cc_ch4y: Methane yield in Nm3/kg fuel
			ocge_meth: Overall cold gas efficiency over the methanation process in %
			cge_meth: Cold gas efficiency over the methanation process in %
			cc_meth: Carbon conversion over the methanation process in %
			Q_htx: Heat transferred over heat exchangers in kW
			H_react: Enthalpy stream being generated by chemical reactions in kW
			X_XXX_o: Conversion of species in reactor in %
			Y_CH4: Methane yield in reactor in %